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Clerk of the Parliaments
The Clerk of the Parliaments is the chief clerk of the House of Lords in the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The position has existed since at least 1315, and duties include preparing the minutes of Lords proceedings, advising on proper parliamentary procedure and pronouncing the Royal Assent. Many of the Clerk's duties are now fulfilled by his deputies and the Clerk of the Parliaments' Office.
The Under Clerk of the Parliaments is the formal name for the Clerk of the House of Commons.〔(Parliamentary Corporate Bodies Act 1992 ), section 2(2): "The individual who for the time being is by letters patent appointed to the office of the Under Clerk of the Parliaments (and who is customarily referred to as the Clerk of the House of Commons) shall be the Corporate Officer of the Commons."〕
The term Clerk of the Parliaments is also used as a formal alternative title by the Clerk of the Senate of Canada〔http://www.parl.gc.ca/parlinfo/compilations/officersandofficials/ProceduralOfficersAndSeniorOfficials_Senate.aspx〕 and the Clerks of the Legislative Councils of New South Wales〔http://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/prod/web/common.nsf/key/LCStructure〕 and Western Australia.〔http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/web/WebPages.nsf/1/888EA1AC3033F2F048256D7200163221〕 In the Australian state of Victoria the title is given to the longer-serving of the Clerks of the Legislative Council and Legislative Assembly.〔http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/assembly/publications-a-research/fact-sheets/1031-fact-sheet-h3-the-clerk#history%20of%20the%20clerk%20of%20the%20parliaments〕 The title was also formerly used for the Clerk of the Australian Senate〔http://www.aph.gov.au/exhibitions/pogg/work/administration.htm, http://www.aph.gov.au/senate/pubs/aso/so_137.htm〕 and the longer-serving of the Clerks of the Legislative Council and Legislative Assembly of South Australia.〔http://www.parliament.sa.gov.au/AboutParliament/From1836/Documents/StatisticalRecordoftheLegislature1836to20093.pdf〕
==History==
The position has existed since at least 1315, when records from the Parliament held by Edward II at Lincoln make reference to a clerk nominated by the king to serve as a "special deputy".〔Macqueen (1842) p.63〕 This clerk was tasked with reading out the titles of bills and the responses from Parliament. In later Parliaments starting with those under Richard II, the Clerk of the Crown in Chancery would read the titles, and the Clerk of the Parliaments the responses.〔Pollard (1942) p.314〕 The actual term "Clerk of the Parliaments" did not come into use until the reign of Henry VIII, and the plural (Parliaments, rather than Parliament) signifies that it is a life appointment - the Clerk is appointed for all Parliaments, not just the one currently sitting.〔 On 12 March 1660 a deputy clerk was appointed for the first time after the Clerk (Mr Bowyer) was too ill to attend Parliament.〔Macqueen (1842) p.64〕 The Clerk of the Parliaments Act 1824 defined the Clerk's duties for the first time in statute, and the Act is still in force and binding on current clerks.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=UK Parliament - The Clerk of the Parliaments )〕
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